CALCIUM CARBONATE is one of the most essential minerals with multiple applications in diverse food, pharmaceutical, chemical, plastic, and paper industries that is generated by the press, mangle, deposition, and classification. In the simulation process mentioned in this research study, a mathematical model was provided to obtain dryer yield information. According to different methods of preparation and purification of this material, spray dryers are at the end of the process as dry goods market or required properties. For this reason, the first Kinetic of the material drying obtained through the experiment and the momentum equations of suspended particles in the air, particle path differential equations in three dimensions, Reynolds number, heat, and mass transfer coefficients and then calculate the mass and energy balance for presenting a mathematical model has combined, for discover the accuracy of the model, the results compared with practical experiments. A concurrent spray dryer used in the laboratory and a computer programming language (MATLAB) were presented to compare the results of its execution with the experimental results to assess the software’s accuracy.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a life threatening disease. One of the important etiologies of osteoporosis is low CALCIUM intake from daily dietary intakes, making CALCIUM salt administration in pharmacological form or as a food additive highly recommendable as a protective mechanism againt this disease, especially in women. CALCIUM acetate is a water soluble agent whereas CALCIUM CARBONATE (which is routinely used in pharmacological forms of CALCIUM salts) is not easily dissolved in water; hence we decided to compare the bioavailability of CALCIUM CARBONATE to that of CALCIUM acetate.Material and methods: During a clinical trial study, 20 normal female volunteers with the appropriate inclusion criteria were enrolled. On the day of study, fasting urine specimens were collected from all subjects, and 2 hours after a meal, a solution of CALCIUM CARBONATE was administered to all participants and then, again, urine specimens were collected after 4 hours. After a 10 day washout period, this test was repeated with CALCIUM acetate. The results were analyzed with paired t test.Results: The mean increase in urine CALCIUM was 38.55 ± 6.1 mg and 36.33 ± 6.14 mg after administration of CALCIUM CARBONATE or CALCIUM acetate respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between CALCIUM absorption from CALCIUM CARBONATE and CALCIUM acetate.Conclusion: Regarding the beneficial effects of CALCIUM acetate as a soluble salt, in comparison with CALCIUM CARBONATE and based on the results of this study indicating the similarity in CALCIUM absorption from these two salts, CALCIUM acetate can be administered as an appropriate substance for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Indeed it can be used in enriching the liquid comestibles.

Hyperphosphatemia has an important role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The most effective method of phosphate elimination lies with phosphate binders, the agent that more commonly used, CALCIUM CARBONATE, is not an idial binding agent. In this regard, CALCIUM acetate has been reported to have more or at least a similar phosphate binding efficacy and less pronounced hypercalcemic effect. However, this subject is still a matter of controversy. This study was designed to compare the efficiency of these salts. Preparation of CALCIUM acetate and comparison of the phosphate binding power and hypercalcemic effect of CALCIUM acetate with that of CALCIUM CARBONATE in hemodialysis patients. Thirty stable ESRD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis for mean 4.23 years (SD 3.63) were studied. Half of the patients were started on CALCIUM acetate for a month. Then, after two weeks wash out period, they received CALCIUM CARBONATE for a month. The others followed an inverse protocol. 24 patients completed the study. A significant decrease in plasma phosphate levels was only observed after treatment with CALCIUM acetate [6.65 mg/dL (SD 1.38 vs. 5.83 mg/dL (SD 1.55) p < 0.05]. CALCIUM acetate may be a better choice in handling of hyperphophatemia in ESRD patients and when CALCIUM acetate is used, control of hyperphophatemia can be better achieved with a lower risk of hypercalcemia.

Polyamide-66 (PA66) /CaCO3 micro- and nano-composites were prepared using a polymer solution method at filler loading of 0, 1, 2 and 3 weight percent. Nano-size of CaCO3 was synthesized by micro-emulsion technique. The material was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-VIS techniques. XRD results of composites suggested that CaCO3 particles are found in the amorphous phase of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic and a-crystalline form of thermoplastic is thermodynamically more stable than the g-crystalline forms at room temperature. The uniform dispersion of 1, 2, and 3 wt. % surface modified micro- and nano-CaCO3within PA66 were evidenced from SEM images. FT-IR analysis confirmed the chemical structure of the PA66. Absorption peaks for all required chemical groups were showed in the FTIR spectra: N-H stretch at 3305.52 cm-1, C-H stretch at 2865.02-2936.45 cm-1, Amide-I at 1638.76 cm-1, and Amide-II at 1539.55 cm-1. UV-VIS data showed that the presence of CaCO3 particles in PA66 results in the decrease of energy-band gaps of the composites. In addition, the results showed that incorporation of CaCO3 particles increased the modulus and tensile strength of neat PA66 however decreased its yield and elongation at break.

Precipitated CALCIUM CARBONATE (PCC) as a mineral filler has many different industrial applications. The aim of the current study was to modify the PCC particles with cationic cornstarch and polyacrylamide to prepare modified PCC filler with improved hydrogen-bonding capability for papermaking industry. The modified samples were produced by simultaneous synthesis and modification procedures. The results showed that the cubic-like and nano-sized particles of precipitated CALCIUM CARBONATE were successfully prepared from the commercial lime using carbonation of the slaked lime. The morphology and particle size of particles could be tailored using this method as illustrated by the FESEM results. XRD and FTIR data indicated that all the synthesized particles were prominently calcite polymorph with a slight amount of aragonite. Besides, the presence of organic substances in the structure of the modified samples was confirmed by FT-IR technique.